Plant of the Week
Yoshino Cherry
Latin: Prunus x yedoensis
As we observe one of the rights of spring, filling out the
uncomprehensible tax forms, it's understandable that the mind should wander
towards Washington D.C. The naysayers have already said enough about government
waste so instead lets focus on a positive aspect of our capitol city, the cherry
blossoms. But Washington is a city whose lifeblood is politics so even these
beautiful mementos of spring have a political aspect to their very existence.
The Yoshino cherries (Prunus x yedoensis) are small
trees in the 25 to 30 foot range with their spread and height about equal. Like
most cherries they are low branched. The trunks are marked with characteristic
horizontal lines caused by a distortion of the bark due to the presence of
lenticels, glands that provide air exchange for the trunk.
The five-petaled flowers of Yoshino cherries are mostly
pale pink or white, depending on the variety. They are slightly fragrant and
about the size of a quarter and borne in a cluster of four blooms on inch long
peduncles. Blooms usually appear in early to mid April. The egg shaped fruit, if
produced, is shining black and half inch long with a large pit. While the fruit
are edible, Yoshino cherries are grown for their flowers.
This spring marks the one hundred year anniversary of the
arrival of Yoshino flowering cherries in America. Their introduction was due to
the efforts of David Fairchild, after whom Miami's Fairchild Tropical Garden is
named. Fairchild (1869-1954) was the Federal government's first agricultural plant explorer who roamed
the world between 1898 and 1902 looking for crops American farmers could grow.
He ran across the flowering cherries on a visit to Japan
and fell in love with their grace and beauty. But working for the conservative
U.S. Department of Agriculture, he couldn't expend government money on anything
as frivolous as cherries grown for just their flowers. However, Fairchild had
married well - the daughter of Alexander Graham Bell - so using his own
resources he imported cherries for the home he and his wife were building in
Chevy Chase, MD.
In 1908 he and Marian decided to take it upon themselves
to beautify Washington DC, so they ordered flowering cherries for every school
in the District and had an Arbor Day tree planting ceremony. This caught the
attention of influential citizens and before long First Lady Taft was involved.
With the weight of the First Lady behind the project a diplomatic arrangement
was struck with the Mayor of Tokyo (the species epitaph "yedoensis"
is from the old Japanese name for Tokyo, "Yeddo") and a shipment of large trees
was sent.
The trees arrived in Seattle in January 1910 and fell
under the watchful gaze of the Plant Quarantine section, another branch of the
USDA. Much to the chagrin of all the politicos involved in the process, the
inspectors didn't like what they saw so they piled the trees into a heap and
burned the entire shipment. Fairchild shows a photo of the bonfire in his 1938
memoir, The World Was My Garden. The then newly formed Plant Quarantine
section was formed in response to the chestnut blight, which was sweeping
through the eastern states and they took their task very seriously, without
regard to diplomatic niceties.
But the Mayor of Tokyo was not overly offended and two
years later a shipment of Yoshino cherries arrived which made it through the
quarantine process. By this time the Tidal Basin was nearing completion and the
trees were used to grace the area.
Yoshino cherries are perhaps the best adapted of all
flowering cherries to Arkansas conditions. In Fayetteville the flowering
cherries surrounding the Square garden are seedlings of this species and show
the subtle variation found in a seedling population. Named selections are
available. Flowering cherries have a reputation of being relatively short lived
especially if soil drainage conditions are not to their liking.
Like all cherries, they should receive full sun and be
planted in a fertile soil with good drainage. They are susceptible to the
several cherry maladies, the most serious being borers. By keeping trees well
watered during dry periods and minimizing trunk injury borer problems can be
reduced.
By: Gerald Klingaman, retired
Extension Horticulturist
- Ornamentals
Extension News -
April 26, 2002
Back to Archives A - D
Back to Archives X - Z
|
