Plant of the Week
Japanese Beetle - Grape
Latin: Vitis vinifera
I call these weekly chats "Plant of the Week." This week, I need a
scapegoat plant because I want to talk about a bug - the Japanese beetle.
Japanese beetles are well established in northwest Arkansas and Little Rock,
so if they haven’t yet appeared in your garden, be assured they are on the
way.
I selected grape to carry the discussion of this pest for no particular
reason because Japanese beetles lack a discerning pallet and seem to be
equally fond of rose of sharon, hibiscus, roses, most vegetables and a host
of garden flowers. Experts say they feast on over 200 species of plants.
Japanese beetles must have the perfect life - all they do is eat and have
sex. They are like the familiar June beetle but a tad and marked with a bit
of metallic green on the head region. On their posterior they have five
tufts of white hairs on each side. They emerge from late June until early
August.
But you really don’t have to look very closely to recognize it as a
Japanese beetle. Adult beetles emit a substance called a "congregation
pheromone" which signals all their buddy bugs to come over for an orgy at
your house. When they find a plant to their liking they appear en mass and
skeletonize leaves and flowers.
The invasion of Japanese beetles appears to have started in a New Jersey
nursery shortly before WW I when infested soil was used to ship Japanese
irises. A quarantine and eradication program established in 1917.
But the beetles are good fliers and quickly spread beyond the limits of the
quarantine. By 1924, some 2,500 square miles were infested.
The feeding damage of the adults is impressively disgusting, but in reality
the grub form is more serious. Grubs attack fine feeder roots of grass and
cause irregular patches of lawn to die in the heat of summer.
Female Japanese beetles live for about six weeks and every day lay from
four to six eggs in the area where they are feeding. They have a fondness
for well-watered lawns, and it’s not uncommon to have 10 or more grubs per
square foot.
Entomologists have shied away from the use of the word "control" and now
talk in terms of managing Japanese beetle populations. The insect is
vulnerable at several places in its life cycle, but because it is such a
horny devil, reproduction rates have exceeded any attempted eradication
strategy.
Most likely we will have a rough five or ten years in our gardens as the
beetle invades the virgin territory of Arkansas, but eventually,
naturally-occurring counter measures will begin to take hold and the
population will stabilize at an annoying but tolerable level.
Managing the grub population is the first place to start. Insecticidal
sprays applied to lawns and flower beds in the fall and/or spring give
immediate control but must be reapplied annually. Spraying for grubs is only
warranted if there is evidence of an established population in your yard.
Check with your local Cooperative Extension office for recommended
chemicals if you choose this method.
Sevin is the most common insecticide for the adults and is relatively safe
and effective. Trapping is more controversial. Just like bug zappers attract
more bugs to your yard, Japanese beetle traps attract more beetles to your
yard. If the yard is isolated this might be effective for control, but in a
suburban setting your yard may look like the site of a teen-age party when
the parents are away for the weekend.
By: Gerald Klingaman, retired
Extension Horticulturist
- Ornamentals
Extension News -
August 9, 2002
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